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On  a New  Genus  and  Two  New  Species 

OF 

Macrurous  Crustacea. 

By  J.  S.  KINGSLEY. 

[From  the  Bulletin  of  the  Essex  Institute,  Yol.  xxvii,  1895.] 


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ON  A NEW  GENUS  AND  TWO  NEW  SPECIES 
| OF  MACRUROUS  CRUSTACEA. 


BY  J.  S.  KINGSLEY. 


I owe  to  Professor  Hermon  C.  Bumpus,  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, the  privilege  of  examining  a small  shrimp  which 
he  obtained  from  the  Island  of  Naushon,  one  of  the  Eliza- 
beth Islands,  on  the  southern  coast  of  Massachusetts. 
Under  ordinary  circumstances  the  publication  of  isolated 
descriptions  is  to  be  deplored,  but  in  this  case  the  pro- 
cedure seems  to  have  some  justification.  In  the  first 
place  the  whole  Vineyard  Sound  region  has  been  so  thor- 
oughly explored  by  the  various  parties  of  the  U.  S.  Fish 
Commission  and  by  the  members  of  the  Marine  Biologi- 
cal Laboratory  at  Woods  Holl,  that  novelties  among  the 
Decapod  Crustacea  are  extremely  rare.  Again,  the  form 
in  question  is  unique  in  several  of  its  features,  combining 
as  it  does  the  characters  of  several  other  genera  or  even 
of  so-called  families. 

The  specimen,  which  is  the  basis  of  the  following  de- 
scription, was  found  July  13,  1893,  in  the  sand  of  the 
small  channels  — the  so-called  gutters  — of  the  island. 

Genus  Naushonia.  Body  somewhat  depressed  ; mandi- 
bles stout,  incurved,  the  cutting  edge  excavate  anteriorly, 
the  edge  itself  serrate ; a two-jointed  palpus  present. 

1 Contributions  from  the  Biological  Laboratories  of  Tufts  College,  under  the 
direction  of  J.  S.  Kingsley,  No.  xvi. 

(95) 


96 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  ESSEX  INSTITUTE. 


First  pair  of  feet  larger  than  the  second,  the  first  pair 
being  sub-chelate,  the  second  non-chelate,  and  with  sim- 
ple carpus.  Antennulse  biflagellate,  the  inner  flagellum 
about  half  the  length  of  the  outer.  Antennae  long ; an- 
tennal scale  small,  not  reaching  to  the  external  spine. 

This  genus  resembles  the  Crangoninse  in  the  larger 
first  pair  of  pereiopoda ; in  the  sub-chelate  character  of 
the  anterior  hand,  and  the  non-annulate  carpus  of  the 
second  pair  of  pereiopoda.  It  differs,  however,  from  this 
sub-family,  and  from  all  the  Crangonidae  as  limited  by 
Dana,  in  the  excavate  mandible  and  in  the  possession  of  a 
mandibular  palpus.  The  cutting  edge  of  the  mandible 
recalls  somewhat  that  of  the  Atyidae,  but  the  palpus  is 
not  present  in  that  family.  Mandibular  characters  also 
exclude  it  from  all  known  Palaemonidae.  Subsequent 
investigations  may  show  that  it  will  be  necessary  to  erect  a 
new  'family’  for  its  reception. 

Naushonia  crangonoides  n.  sp.  Carapax  somewhat 
cylindrical,  depressed  in  front,  the  rostral  region  being 
down  curved.  The  rostrum  flattened,  tip  broadly  trian- 
gular, extending  forward  slightly  beyond  the  eyes.  Su- 
pra-orbital  and  antennal  spines  present ; branchiostegal, 
hepatic  and  pterygostomian  spines  lacking.  Cervical# 
groove  well  marked  in  the  middle  but  not  reaching  the 
antero-lateral  margin  of  the  carapax.  A well-marked 
impressed  line  extends  from  the  antero-external  angle  on 
either  side  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  carapax.  With 
these  exceptions  the  carapax  is  smooth  and  is  without 
pubescence.  The  abdomen  is  about  a third  longer  than 
the  carapax ; is  smooth  and  without  carinse,  spines,  etc. 
The  telson  is  a third  longer  than  broad,  its  tip  regularly 
and  broadly  rounded,  with  a spine  at  each  external  angle. 
The  eyes  are  on  short  peduncles,  not  visible  from  above, 
and  with  a minute  pigment  spot.  The  antennulae  are 


NEW  CRUSTACEA. 


97 


biflagellate,  the  flagella  short,  the  inner  ramus  being 
about  half  the  length  of  the  outer.  The  antennae  are 
provided  with  a small  basal  scale,  the  external  spine  of 
which  reaches  to  the  middle  of  the  last  joint  of  the 
peduncle,  while  the  laminate  portion  of  the  scale  falls 
short  of  the  external  spine.  The  external  maxillipeds 
are  pediform,  elongate  and  furnished  with  extremely  long 
hairs.  The  mandibular  palpus  bears  simple  hairs  on  its 
inner,  and  stiff*  bristles  on  its  outer  margin.  The  pereio- 
poda  are  provided  with  small  exopodites.  The  first  pair 
(only  the  left  present  in  the  specimen)  are  much  the 
larger,  and  recall  strongly  the  corresponding  appendage 
in  the  Crangonids,  but  the  occludent  margin  is  more 
oblique  than  in  most  of  the  genera  of  that  group.  The 
meros  is  about  twice  as  long  as  the  ischium,  and  both 
these  joints  have  the  external  margin  acute.  The  short 
carpus  is  approximately  an  equilateral  triangle  in  outline. 
The  hand  is  flattened,  the  propodus  being  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  and  externally  with  an  acute  edge.  A long  acute 
Thumb’  directed  obliquely  forward,  at  about  the  middle 
of  the  inner  margin  of  the  propodus,  limits  the  occludent 
margin  of  the  palm.  This  margin  is  acute  and  is  pro- 
vided with  one  large  and  several  smaller  teeth,  the  dis- 
tribution of  which  is  shown  in  the  figure.  The  dactylus 
is  bent,  proximally,  at  a right  angle,  the  distal  portion 
being  regularly  arcuate  and  the  tip  acute.  Its  margins 
are  sharp  and  the  outer  one  is  provided  with  a fringe  of 
long  hairs.  The  second  pair  of  feet  are  the  shortest,  the 
carpus  is  simple,  without  annulations,  and  the  dactylus 
is  flattened  and  covered  with  a pubescence  of  long  hairs. 
The  remaining  pereiopoda  are  slender,  pediform  and  ter- 
minated by  acute,  slightly  curved  dactyli.  The  total 
length  from  the  tip  of  the  rostrum  to  the  end  of  the 
telson  is  26  mm. 


98 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  ESSEX  INSTITUTE. 


Caradina  jpasadenoe  n.  sp.  Carapax  smooth,  ecarinate 
above,  rostrum  long,  three -fourths  the  length  of  the  cara- 
pax, and  exceeding  by  a third  of  its  length  the  antennular 
peduncle.  It  is  smooth  above,  its  apex  minutely  bifid,,  and 
occasionally  a small  tooth  beneath  at  about  the  level  of  the 
extremity  of  the  antennular  peduncle.  Pterygostomian 
spine  present,  rather  obtuse ; external  angle  of  the  orbit 
spiniform.  Antennula  with  external  spiniform  scale  on 
the  outer  margin  of  the  basal  joint,  reaching  slightly  in 
advance  of  the  extremity  of  the  joint,  a small  spine  on  the 
inner  margin  of  the  joint.  Antennal  flagella  subequal  in 
length,  the  length  about  equal  to  that  of  the  carapax  with- 
out the  rostrum.  Antennal  scale  about  four  times  as 
long  as  broad,  extending  slightly  beyond  the  antennular 
peduncle ; its  external  margin  straight,  its  apex  obliquely 
rounded ; antennal  flagellum  about  two-thirds  the  length 
of  the  body.  External  maxillipeds  pediform,  the  ischium 
strongly  arcuate ; the  terminal  joints  partly  fused  and 
armed  with  two  rows  of  spines  ; exopodite  slender,  filiform, 
joints  obsolete.  First  pair  of  pereiopoda  short,  rather 
stout,  the  meros  about  equal  to  the  propodus  in  length  ; 
hand  of  regular  Atyid  character,  the  fingers  excavate  and 
furnished  with  pencils  of  hairs.  Second  pair  of  pereio- 
poda about  twice  the  length  of  first,  the  carpus  simple, 
slightly  obconical,  and  longer  than  any  other  joint;  fin- 
gers excavate  and  pencilled.  Remaining  pereiopoda  elon- 
gate, pediform,  with  moderate,  slightly  curved  dactyl i, 
spinulose  beneath.  Telson  with  straight,  converging  sides, 
its  apex  truncate  and  spinulose.  Total  length  from  tip  of 
rostrum  to  end  of  caudal  pleopoda  32  to  39  mm . 

This  species,  which  was  sent  me  by  Professor  A.  J. 
McClatchie  of  Throop  University,  is  stated  by  him  to  be 
common  in  the  streams  about  Pasadena,  California.  This 
species  differs  from  C.  multidentata,  serrata , acuminata , 


NEW  CRUSTACEA. 


99 


brevirostris , exilirostris  and  typus  in  its  elongate  rostrum. 
From  O.  grandirostris  and  leucosticta  it  differs  in  the  lack 
of  teeth  upon  the  upper  margin  of  the  rostrum ; from  C. 
americana  in  the  almost  total  lack  of  teeth  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  rostrum,  while  C.  denticulata  is  thrown  out 
by  similar  characters.  C.  tenuirostris  is  a species  of 
Virbius. 

[Published,  March,  1897.] 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  III. 

Figs.  1-7.  Caradina  pasadence.  Figs.  8-10.  Naushonia  crangon 
oides. 

Fig.  1.  Carapax. 

“ 2.  Second  pereiopod. 

“ 3.  First  pereiopod. 

“ 4.  External  maxilliped. 

“ 5.  Base  of  antennae. 

“ 6.  Mandible. 

“ 7.  Antennal  scale. 

“ 8.  Mandible. 

“ 9.  Carapax,  etc.,  from  above. 

“ 10.  Side  view. 


BULLETIN  ESSEX  INSTITUTE,  VOL.  XXVII. 


PLATE  III. 


KINGSLEY. 


NEW  CRUSTACEA. 


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